UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU UU UU BABEL: A GLOSSARY OF UU UU COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS UU UU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Version 94A UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Copyright (c) 1989-1994 Irving Kind All Rights Reserved Compiled when I became frustrated while reading magazine articles, help wanted ads and equipment for sale brochures....all pertaining to computers....where the following Abbreviations and Acronyms were used and their meanings were either not known to me or were not immediately available. I have actually seen these combinations of letters used at one time or another in magazines, newspapers or handbooks. They apply to personal computers, mainframes, communications, programming, networking, etc......you name it. The glossary is free for anyone to use, but with no guarantees as to its completeness. That is why I am now requesting your help. Look over the definitions and let me have your feedback. If you have ever seen letter combinations that you also did not understand, please drop me a note at the address below. Also, if you find any errors, obsolete information or can suggest any additions or deletions, they will be most welcome. If you can help, my thanks in advance. In the meantime, print out a copy of this version and keep it on your desk. I know you will find it useful. Updates to this glossary will be issued three times a year; in January, May and September. You may download the latest version of BABEL from your favorite BBS or from The Internet. If any Bulletin Board SYSOP, Club Librarian, Organization or Teacher sends me a formatted disk with a disk mailer, stamped with return postage, I will return the disk with the latest updated version of BABEL at no charge. See APPENDIX A for additional information regarding updates. Letter groups followed with " * " were used before 1965. At some of these, I have noted historical information. For a brief interpretation of "smiley faces" and other informal expressions used in electronic mail messages, see APPENDIX B. Some Bulletin Boards allow only six characters for a file name. If you have downloaded as BAB94A.TXT, please rename to BABEL94A.TXT before using. And please remember to ECAL. Irving Kind Internet: ikind@mcimail.com c/o K & D MCI Mail: 545-3562 One Church Lane Baltimore, MD 21208 Jan 1994 version = BABEL94A Jan 1995 version = BABEL95A May 1994 version = BABEL94B May 1995 version = BABEL95B Sep 1994 version = BABEL94C Sep 1995 version = BABEL95C UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU UU UU BABEL: A GLOSSARY OF UU UU COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS UU UU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Version 94A UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Copyright (c) 1989-1993 Irving Kind All Rights Reserved AA Auto Answer AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABS Absolute ABT Abort AC Automatic Computer + Alternating Current ACC Accumulator ACD Automated Call Distribution ACDI Asynchronous Communications Device Interface ACE Advanced Computing Environment [SCO] + Adverse Channel Enhancements [Microcom] + * Automatic Computing Engine ACF Access Control Field + Advanced Communications Function ACH Automated Clearing House ACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis System ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems ACK Acknowledgment ACL Access Control List ACM Association for Computing Machinery ACMS Application Control Management System ACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxillary Control Process ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System ACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System + Asynchronous Communication Server ACU Automatic Calling Unit A/D Analog to Digital ADA Automatic Data Acquisitions + (Programming Language named after Agusta Ada Lovelace) ADC Adaptive Data Compression (protocol) [Hayes] + Add with Carry + Analog to Digital Converter ADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures ADF Automatic Document Feed .ADF Adapter Description File (file name extension) [IBM] ADI AutoCad Device Interface (driver) ADL Address Data Latch ADLAT Adaptive Lattice Filter ADMD Administrative Management Domain [X.400] .ADN Add In Utility (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] ADP Automatic Data Processing ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ADR Address ADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] + Application Development System + Automatic Distribution System ADSC Address Status Changed ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release ADT Application Data Types ADU Automatic Dialing Unit AE Above or Equal AEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic] AF Auxilary carry Flag AFC Automatic Font Change AFD Automatic File Distribution AFII Association for Font Information Interchange .AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems] AGC Automatic Gain Control AI Analog Input + Artificial Intelligence AIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC] AIF Audio Interchange Format AIIM Association for Information and Image Management AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals AIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM] ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + Automatic Level Control ALE Address Latch Enable ALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL) ALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc. ALT Alternate (mode) ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit AMD Active Matrix Display + Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture [Everex Systems] AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance ANI Automatic Number Identification ANOVA Analysis Of Variance ANSI American National Standards Institute AO Analog Output AOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T] AOL America Online AOS Add Or Subtract AP Adjunct Processor + Application Processor A/P Accounts Payable APA Adaptive Packet Assembly + All Points Addressable + Arithmetic Processing Accelerator APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM] APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM] APCUG Association of PC User Groups API Application Program Interface + Application Programming Interface APL A Programming Language (Mathematics) APM Advanced Power Management [IBM OS2] .APP Application (file name extension) [R:Base] APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communication (protocol) [IBM] APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking [IBM] APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification APSE ADA Programming Support Environment APT Address Pass Through + Automatically Programmed Tools A/R Accounts Receivable ARA Apple Remote Access .ARC Archive (file name extension) ARCA Advanced RISC Computing Architecture ARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network ARL Adjusted Ring Length ARLL Advanced Run Length Limited ARM Asynchronous Response Mode ARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators ARP Address Resolution Protocol [Novell] ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPL Adjust Requested Privilege Level ARTIC A Real-Time Interface Copressor [IBM] ARQ Automatic Repeat Request ARU Audio Response Unit ASAP As Soon As Possible + Automatic Switching And Processing AS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable .ASC ASCII text (file name extension) ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit ASIT Advanced Security and Identification Technology ASL Adaptive Speed Levelling .ASM Assembler Source Language (file name extension) ASP Association of Shareware Professionals ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface [Adaptec] ASPS Advanced Signal Processing System ASR Automatic Send-Receive + Automatic Speech Recognition AST AST Research, Inc. (named from first initials of the founders: Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen) ASYNC Asynchronous AT Advanced Technology + Attention ATA AT Bus Attachment ATDP Attention Dial Pulse ATDT Attention Dial Tone ATE Automated Test Equipment ATG Advanced Technology Group ATH Attention Hang-Up ATM Adobe Typeface Manager + Asynchronous Transfer Mode + Automated Teller Machine ATR Automatic Terminal Recognition ATS Administrative Terminal System + Apple Terminal Services AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph ATTN Attention ATTRIB Attribute (also ATR) AUDIT Automated Data Input Terminal AUI Attached Unit Interface AUP Appropriate Use Policies [Internet] AUTO Automatic AUX Auxiliary + (First Serial Port) AVA Audio Visual Authoring [IBM] AVC Audio Visual Connection [IBM] AVG Average AVI Audio Visual Interleaved [Microsoft] AWG American Wire Gage AWS Advanced Workstations and Systems (group) [IBM] AX Architecture Extended + Automatic Transmission BAK Binary Adaption Kit [Microsoft] .BAK Backup (file name extension) BAL Basic Assembly Language BAM Boyan Action Module BARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing .BAS Basic Language (file name extension) BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BASM Built-In Assembler .BAT Batch Processing (file name extension) BBS Bulletin Board System BCC Block Check Character BCD Binary Coded Decimal BCL Batch Command Language BCP Bulk Copy Program BCPL Basic Computer Programming Language BCR Byte Count Register BDOS Basic Disk Operating System BE Below or Equal BEL Bell BELLCORE Bell Communications Research BERT Bit Error Rate Test/Tester BF Bad Flag B/F Background/Foreground BFT Binary File Transfer BGE Branch if Greater or Equal .BGI Borland Graphic Interface (file name extension) BGT Branch if Greater Than BHI Branch if Higher BHIS Branch if Higher or Same BI Binary Input .BIB Bibliography (file name extension) BiDi Bidirectional BIM Beginning of Information Marker .BIN Binary (file name extension) BINAC * Binary Automatic Computer BIOS Basic Input/Output System BIS Business Information System BiSYNC (See BSYNC) BIT Binary Digit BITNET Because It's Time Network BIU Bus Interface Unit BIX Byte Information Exchange (BBS) .BK! Backup (file name extension) [WordPerfect] BKSP Backspace BL Backlit BLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (protocol) [Communications Research Group] .BLD BASIC Bload Graphics (file name extension) BLE Branch if Less or Equal BLK Block BLMC Buried Logic Macrocell BLOB Binary Large Object BLOS Branch if Lower Or Same BMI Branch if Minus BMIC BusMaster Interface Controller [Intel] BMP Batch Message Processing Program .BMP Bitmap Graphics (file name extension) [Windows] [OS/2] BNE Branch if Not Equal BO Binary Output BoB Break-out Box BOM Beginning Of Message BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol [Internet] BORPQU Borland Pro Quattro BORQU Borland Quattro BOS Basic Operating System BOT Beginning Of Table + Beginning of Tape BP Base Pointer BPB BIOS Parameter Block BPI Bits Per Inch BPL Branch if Plus BPS Bits Per Second + Bytes Per Second BR Bad Register BRGC Binary Reflected Gray Code BRI Basic Rate Interface + Brain Response Interface BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method BSC Binary Synchronous Communication .BSC Boyan Script (file name extension) [Boyan Communications] BSCS Bachelor of Science (Degree) in Computer Science BSD Berkely Standard Distribution BSF Bit Scan Forward BSI British Standards Institute BSR Bit Scan Reverse BSV BASIC Bsave Graphics (file name extension) BSY Busy BSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (protocol) BT Bit Test BTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method [IBM] BTB Branch Target Buffer BTC Bit Test and Complement BTP Batch Transfer Program BTR Bit Test and Reset BTS Bit Test and Set BUF Buffer BWM Block-Write Mode B2X Binary To Hexadecimal [REXX] BYTE Binary Element String C C Programming Language .C C source code (file name extension) [C] CA Collision Avoidance CAD Computer Aided Design CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting CAE Common Applications Environment + Computer Aided Engineering CAG Column Address Generator CAI Computer Aided Instruction CAL Calendar + Computer Aided Learning CAM Common Access Method + Computer Aided Manufacturing + Contents Addressable Memory CAN Cancel CAP Central Arbitration Point + Communication Application Platform + Computer Aided Publishing CAPD Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities [Johns Hopkins University] CAPS Capitals (Upper Case Letters) + Cassette Programming System CAS Column Address Select + Communications Application Specification + Computer Aided Styling CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering CASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language [DCA] CASS Computer Assisted Search Service CASSIS Classified and Search Support Information System CAT Computer Aided Testing + Computer Aided Tomography + Computer Aided Transcription + Concatenate .CAT Catalog (file name extension) CATS Computer Assisted Training System CATV Community Antenna Television CAV Constant Angular Velocity CBCR Channel Byte Count Register CBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association CBL Computer Based Learning .CBL COBOL source code (file name extension) CBT Computer Based Training CBW Convert Byte to Word CBX Computer-Controlled Branch Exchange CC Cluster Controller CCD Charged-Coupled Device CCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone CCP Console Command Processor CCS Common Communications Support + Continuous Composite Servo CD Carrier Detect + Change Directory + Collision Detection + Color Display + Compact Disk C/D Control Data C2D Character To Decimal [REXX] CDA Compound Document Architecture [DEC] CDC Control Data Corporation CD_CHRDY Card Channel Ready [IBM] CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface CDE Complex Data Entry .CDF Comma Delimited Format (file name extension) CD-I Compact Disk - Interactive CD-MO Compact Disk - Magneto Optical CDOS Concurrent Disk Operating System CDL Computer Design Language CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data CD-RDx Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Data Exchange Standard CD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only Memory CDR Call Detail Record + Call Detail Recording CD-R Compact Disk - Recordable CDRL Contract Data Requirements List CD-RTOS Compact Disk - Real Time Operating System CDS Current Directory Structure CD-V Compact Disk - Video CD-WO Compact Disk - Write Once .CDX Compound Index (file name extension) [Fox Pro] CD-XA Compact Disk - Extended Architecture CE Cache Enable + Chip Enable + Collision Elimination + Convert Enable CEG Continuous Edge Graphics CEI Conducted Electromagnetic Interference CERT Computer Emergency Response Team .CFG Configuration (file name extension) CFV Call For Votes [Bitnet] CGA Color Graphics Adapter CGI Computer Generated Images + Computer Graphics Interface .CGM Computer Graphics Metafile (file name extension) + Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] CHAP Challenge Authentication Protocol (protocol) CHAR Character CHCK Channel Check CHCP Change Code Page [OS/2] CHGRP Change Group .CHK CHKDSK (file name extension) CHKDSK Check Disk CHMOD Change Mode CHOWN Change Owner CHP Chapter CHR Character CICS/VS Customer Information Control System/ Virtual Storage [IBM] CID Configuration/Installation/Distribution CIM CompuServe Information Manager + Computer Integrated Manufacturing CIOCS Communication Input/Output Control System CIP Command Interface Port CIRC Circular Reference CIS CompuServe Information Service + Computer Information Systems CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing CIX Commercial Internet Exchange + Compulink Information Exchange CKD Count Key Data (device) CLAR Channel Local Address Register CLASS Cooperative Library Agency for Systems and Services CLC Clear Carry Flag CLD Clear Direction Flag CLI Call-Level Interface + Clear Interrupt Flag + Command Line Interface CLIST Command List CLK Clock CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol .CLP Clipboard (file name extension) [Windows] CLS Clear Screen CLTS Clear Task Switch Flag CLV Constant Linear Velocity CM Centimeter + Control Mark + Corrective Maintenance CMA Concert Multi-thread Architecture CMC Communication Mangement Configuration + Complement Carry Flag .CMD Command (file name extension) CMIP Common Management Information Protocol CMIS Common Management Information System CML Current Mode Logic CMMU Cache/Memory Management Unit [Motorola] CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CMP Compare + Computer CMPS Compare word String CMS Code Management System + Compiler Monitor System + Conversation Monitor System CMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow (color model) CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model) CNC Computerized Numerical Control .CNF Configuration (file name extension) CNG Calling (tone) CNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet] CNV Conventional (pertaining to Memory) CNVT Convert CO Central Office + Command Output + Convert Out .COB COBAL source code (file name extension) COBOL Common Business-oriented Language (See HLL) .COD Code List (file name extension) CODASYL * Conference on Data System Languages (Group that designed COBOL) CODEC Compression/Decompression COEM Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer COGO Coordinate Geometry (Programming Language) COL Collision + Computer Oriented Language COM Commercial (organization Domain name) [Internet] .COM Command (file name extension) + COM1 First serial Port (asynchronous port) COM2 Second serial Port COM3 Third serial Port COM4 Fourth serial Port COMDEX Computer Dealers Exposition COMP Compare + Communications COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation CON Console (includes Keyboard and Screen) CONFIG Configuration CONTONE Continuous Tone CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture CoREN Corporation for Research and Enterprise Network COS Compatible Operating System COSE Common Open Software Environment COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe Operations CP Copy Protected CPA Certified Public Accountant CPCS Check Processing Control System [IBM] CPE Central Processing Element + Customer Premise Equipment + Customer Provided Equipment CPG Clock Pulse Generator CPI Characters Per Inch + Clock Per Instruction + Common Programming Interface [IBM] .CPI Code Page Information (file name extension) [MS-DOS] CPI-C Common Programming Interface for Communications [IBM] CPL Current Privilege Level CP/M Control Program for Microcomputers CPS Characters Per Second + Cycles Per Second CPT Command Pass Through CPU Central Processing Unit CR Carriage Return CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check .CRD Cardfile (file name extension) CREN Computer Research Education Network + Corporation for Research and Educational Networking CRF Cross Reference File CR/LF Carriage Return/Line Feed CROM Control Read Only Memory CRT Cathode Ray Tube CRTC CRT Controller CS Chip Select + Clear to Send + Code Segment C/S Client/Server CSAR Channel System Address Register CSD Corrective Service Diskette [IBM] CSG Constructive Solid Geometry + Consulting Services Group [Lotus] CSL Computer Sensitive Language CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision Detection CSNET Computer Science Network CSS * Continuous System Simulator (Language) CSP Commercial Subroutine Package + CompuCom Speed Protocol [CompuCom] CSTA Computer-Supported Telephony Applications CSU Channel Service Unit CSV Comma-Separated Variables + Common Services Verbs (interface) [Microsoft] C&T Chips and Technologies CTOS Computerized Tomography Operating System CTPA Coax-to-Twisted-Pair Adapter CTRL Control CTS Clear To Send CTSS * Compatible Time Sharing System CUA Common User Access [IBM] CUB Cursor Backward CUD Cursor Down CUE Custom Updates and Extras (card) [Egghead Software] CUF Cursor Forward CUI Common User Interface [IBM] CUP Cursor Position CUPID Completely Universal Processor I/O Design [AST] .CUR Cursor (file name extension) CUTE Clarkston University Terminal Emulator CUU Cursor Up CVF Compressed Volume File CVGA Color Video Gaphics Array CVIA Computer Virus Industry Association CVT Convert CVW CodeView for Windows CWD Convert Word to Double Word + Change Working Directory [Internet] CWIS Campus Wide Information System [Internet] C2X Character To Hexadecimal [REXX] CYL Cylinder CYMK Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black (color model) D/A Digital to Analog DAA Data Access Arrangement + Decimal Adjust for Addition DAC Data Acquisition and Control + Digital to Analog Converter DAL Data Access Language [Apple Computer] + Disk Access Lockout DAM Data Acquisition and Monitoring DAP Data Access Protocol [DEC] DARI Database Application Remote Interface [IBM] DAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction DASD Direct Access Storage Device DAT Digital Audio Tape + Disk Array Technology .DAT Data (file name extension) DATACOM Data Communications dB Decibel DB Data Base + Data Buffer dBA Adjusted Decibel DBCS Double-Byte Character Set .DBF Database (file name extension) DBM Data Base Manager DBMS Data Base Management System DBS Data Base Server DB2 Database 2 DC Data Collection + Data Communication + Data Control + Device Control + Direct Current D2C Decimal To Character [REXX] DCA Digital Communications Associates + Document Content Architecture DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility [IBM] DCB Disk Coprocessor Board [Novell] DCC Digital Compact Cassette + Display Combination Code DCD Data Carrier Detect DCE Data Communications Equipment + Distributed Computing Environment [OSF] + Distributed Computing Equipment DCF Data Communication Facility [IBM] + Data Compression Facility + Data Count Field [IBM] + Driver Configuration File [Lotus] DCL Declaration + DEC Command Language [DEC] + Device Clear + Digital Control Logic + Digital Command Language [Digital] DCS Data Collection System + Data Control System + Desktop Color Separation DCT Discrete Cosine Transform .DCT Dictionary (file name extension) DD Day + Digital Display + Double Density DDA Domain-Defined Attribute DDB Device Dependent Bitmap DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol [DEC] DDCS Distributed Database Connection Services [IBM] DDD Direct Distance Dialing DDE Direct Data Entry + Dynamic Data Exchange [Microsoft] DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library [Microsoft] DDK Device Driver Kit [Microsoft Windows] DDL Data Definition Language + Data Description Language DDM Distributed Data Management DDN Defense Data Network DDS Dataphone Digital Service [AT&T] + Design Data Sheet + Digital Data Storage DEC Decrement + Device Clear + Digital Equipment Corporation DEF Desktop Functional Equivalent [Compaq] .DEF Definitions + Defaults (file name extensions) DEL Delete DELSTR Delete String [REXX] .DEM Demonstration (file name extension) DES Data Encryption Standard + Data Entry Sheet .DES Description (file name extension) DET Device Execute Trigger DEV Device DF Data Field + Destination Field + Device Flag + Double Flag DFC Data Flow Control DFS Distributed File System DFT Diagnostic Funtion Test + Discrete Fourier Transform + Distributed Function Terminal DFU Data File Utility DGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard .DHP Dr. Halo PIC (file name extension) DI Data In + Destination Index DIA Document Interchange Architecture [IBM] DIB Device Independent Bitmap DIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language .DIC Dictionary (file name extension) DID Direct Inward Dialing DIF Data Interchange Format DIFFSENS Differential Sense DIIP Direct Interrupt Identification Port DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German equivalent of EIA) DIO Data Input-Output DIP Digital Imaging Processing + Dual In-line Package + Dual In-line Pin DIR Directory (file) DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization [CompuCom] DISP Displacement (offset) DIV Divide DIW D-Inside Wire [AT&T] DL Download DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 [IBM] DLC Data Link Control (protocol) [IBM] DLE Data Link Escape DLL Dynamic Link Library DLM Dynamic Link Module DLR DOS LAN Requester DM Distributed Memory DMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing DMAC DMA Controller DME Distributed Management Environment DMI Desktop Mangement Interface DML Data Manipulation Language DMM Digital Multimeter DMMS Dynamic Memory Management System DMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor DMP Dot Matrix Printer DMPC Distributed Memory Parallel Computer DMQS Display Mode Query and Set [IBM] DMS Data Management Software + Data Management System DMSD Digital Multistandard Decoding DMTF Desktop Management Task Force DMY Day Month Year DN Down DNC Direct Numerical Control DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service DNS Domain Naming System DO Data Out .DOC Document + Documentation (file name extensions) DOE Distributed Objects Everywhere DOS Disk Operating System DOSEM DOS Emulation DOW Day Of Week DP Data Processing DPA Demand Protocol Architecture [3Com] DPAREN Data Parity Enable [IBM] DPB Drive Parameter Block DPC Direct Program Control DPI Dots Per Inch DPL Descriptor Privilege Level DPM Digital Panel Meter DPMA Data Processing Management Association DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface [Microsoft] DPO Data Phase Optimization DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DPtoTP Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates (converting) DQL DataEase Query Language [DataEase International] DR Data Received D/R Direct or Reverse DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAW Direct Read After Write DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture [IBM] DRDW Direct Read During Write DRI Digital Research Incorporated DRO Data Request Output + Destructive Read-Out .DRS WordPerfect Driver Resource (file name extension) DRV Drive .DRV Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DVR) .DRW Draw + Drawing (file name extensions) DS Data Segment + Data Send + Data Server + Double Sided DSDD Double Sided, Double Density (diskette) DSE Data Storage Equipment DSEA Display Station Emulation Adapter DSECT Dummy Control Section DSHD Double Sided, High Density (diskette) DSIS Distributed Support Information Standard DSL Dynamic Simulation Language DSOM Distributed System Object Model DSP Digital Signal Processing + Digital Signal Processor DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density (diskette) DSR Data Set Ready + Device Status Register + Device Status Report DSS Decision Support System DSTN Double Supertwisted Nematic DSU Data Service Unit + Digital Service Unit DSW Data Status Word + Device Status Word D2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (printing) DTA Disk Transfer Area .DTA Data (file name extension) DTD Document Type Definition DTE Data Terminal Equipment + Dumb Terminal Emulator DTL Diode-Transistor Logic DTMF Data Tone Multiple Frequency + Dual Tone Multifrequency DTP Desktop Publishing DTR Data Terminal Ready + Data Transfer Rate DTV Desktop Video DTVC Desktop Video Conferencing DU Disk Usage DUAT Direct User Access Terminal .DV DESQview Script (file name extension) DVI Digital Video Interactive .DVR Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DRV) DWG Drawing D2X Decimal To Hexadecimal [REXX] .DXB Drawing Interchange Binary (file name extension) [AutoCAD] DXC Data Exchange Control DXF Drawing Exchange Format EA Extended Attribute [OS/2] EARN European Academic Research Network EAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory EARS Electronic Access to Reference Services EATA Enhanced AT Bus Attachment EBC EISA Bus Controller EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code [IBM] EBI Equivalent Background Input + Extended Background Investigation EBT Electronic Benefits Transfer ECAL Enjoy Computing And Learn ECC Error Check Code + Error Checking and Correction + Error Correction Code ECD Enhanced Color Display ECL Emitter Coupled Logic ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association ECP Enhanced Capabilities Port [Microsoft] ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe ED Erase Display EDA Embedded Document Architecture [Go Corporation] EDC Enhanced Data Correction + Error Detection and Correction EDDC Extended Distance Data Cable EDI Electronic Data Interchange + Electronic Document Interchange [DEC] EDIFACT EDI for Administration Commerce and Transport EDLC Ethernet Data Link Control EDLIN Editor (Line Text) EDOS Enhanced DOS for Windows EDP Electronic Data Processing EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine EDSAC * Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer EDSI Enhanced Small Device Interface EDU Education (organization Domain name) [Internet] EDVAC * Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (First stored-program digital computer) EEC Extended Error Correction EEG Electroencephalogram EEM Extended Memory Management EEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EFA Extended File Attribute EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation EFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference + Electronics For Imaging EFL Emitter Follower Logic EFTS Electronic Funds Transfer System EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter EHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application Programming Interface [IBM] EIA Electronic Industries Association EIS Executive Information System EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture EL Electroluminescent (display) + Erase Line ELF Extremely Low Frequency ELS Entry Level System EM Electronic Mail + Expanded Memory EMA Electronic Mail Association + Enterprise Management Architecture E-MAIL Electronic Mail EMB Extended Memory Block [LIM/AST] EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer [Motorola] EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility + Extended Math Coprocessor EMI Electromagnetic Interference .EML Electronic Mail (file name extension) EMM Expanded Memory Manager EMR Electro-Magnetic Radiation EMS Electronic Mail System + Electronic Message Service + Expanded Memory Specification [LIM] .ENC Encoded (file name extension) ENDS Ends Segment ENIAC * Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (First fully electronic digital computer) ENQ Enquiry ENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet] EOA End of Address EOB End of Block EOC End of Conversion EOF End of File EOI End or Identify EOJ End of Job EOL End of Line + End of List EOM End of Message EOR Exclusive OR (Also XOR) EOS End of String EOT End Of Table + End of Tape (marker) + End of Text + End of Transmission EPL Effective Privilege Level EPLD Electrically Programmable Logic Device EPM Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager [IBM] + Enterprise Process Management [IBM] EPP Enhanced Parallel Port EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory + Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory .EPS Encapsulated PostScript (file name extension) EPSF Encapsulated PostScript Files ERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System [Hughes Aircraft] ERLL Enhanced Run Length Limited EROM Erasable Read Only Memory ERR Error ES Extra Segment ESA European Space Agency ESC Escape ESCM Extended Services Communications Manager [IBM] ESCON Enterprise System Connection (Architecture) [IBM] ESD Electronic Software Distribution + Electrostatic Discharge ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface ESI Enhanced Serial Interface (specification) [Hayes] ESP Emulation Sensing Processor + Enhanced Serial Port [Hayes] ESS Electronic Switching System ESU Electro-Static Unit ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (chip) [Intel] ETB End of Transmission Block ETC Enhanced Throughput Cellular [AT&T] ETPL Endorsed Tempest Products List ETS Econometric Time Series ETX End of Text EU Execution Unit EVE Extensible VAX Editor EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array + Extended Video Graphics Adapter EWS Employee Written Software [IBM] .EXE Executable (file name extension) EXE2BIN Program used to convert an (.EXE) file to binary format (.COM) file EXP Exponent EXT External EXTRN External Reference FAB Computer-Chip Fabrication Plant FAC File Access Code FAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOS FAP File Access Protocol FAPI Family Application Program Interface FAQ Frequently Asked Question FAT File Allocation Table FAX Facsimile .FAX Fax (file name extension) FCB File Control Block FCC Federal Communications Commission FCI Flux Changes per Inch FD Floppy Disk + Floppy Drive + Full Duplex FDC Floppy Disk Controller FDDI Fiber Digital Device Interface + Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDISK Fixed Disk FDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing FDX Full Duplex FEFO First-Ended, First-Out FEP Front End Processor FESDK Far East Software Development Kit [Microsoft] FET Field Effect Transistor FF Flip-Flop + Form Feed FFST First Failure Support Technology [IBM] FFT Fast Fourier Transform FIF Fractal Image Format FIFO First-In, First-Out FILO First-In, Last-Out FIP File Processor Buffering FIR Finite Impulse Response FLC Ferro-electric Liquid Crystal FLD Field FLL FoxPro Link Library [Microsoft Fox Pro] FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second FMS Forms Management System FMT Format FNT Font FOCUS Forum of Control Data Users FOG First Osborne Group FOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link [IEEE] .FON Font + Phone + Phone Directory (all file name extensions) .FOR FORTRAN source code (file name extension) FORTH (Programming Language)(See HLL) FORTRAN Formula Translator (Programming Language)(See HLL) FOSE Federal Office Systems Exposition FOSSIL Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface Layer FPGA Field Programmable Gate-Array FPLA Field Programmable Logic-Array FPP Fixed Path Protocol + Floating Point Processor FPS Frames Per Second FPU Floating Point Unit FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name [Internet] FRAG Fragment + Fragmentation FRAM Ferroelectric Random-Access Memory FRED Frame Editor FRPI Flux Reversals Per Inch .FRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension) FS File Separator FSD File System Driver [OS/2] FSK Frequency Shift Keying F/T Full Time FTAM File Transfer, Access and Management + File Transfer and Access Method FTM Flat Tension Mask [Zenith] FTP File Transfer Protocol [Internet] FTS Federal Telecommunication System FUI File Update Information FUNC Function FVT Full Video Translation FYI For Your Information GA General Availability GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAL Generic Array Logic GAPI Gateway Application Programming Interface Gb Gigabit (1,000 megabits) + (One Billion Bits of Information) GB Gigabyte (1,000 megabytes) + (One Billion Characters of Information) GCR Group Code Recording GDA Global Data Area GDDM Graphics Data Display Manager GDI Graphics Device Interface GDT Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing + Global Descriptor Table GEIS General Electric Information Service (company) GEM Graphics Environment Manager (DRI Program) GENIE General Electric Network for Information Exchange GEOS Graphic Environment Operating System [Geoworks] GET Get Execute Trigger GHZ Gigahertz .GIF Graphic Interchange Format (file name extension) GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out GIS Geographic Information System GIX Global Internet Exchange [Internet] GKS Graphical Kernal System G/L General Ledger GLM General Linear Models .GLY Glossary (file name extension) [Microsoft Word] GMS Global Messaging Service [Novell] GMT Greenwich Mean Time GND System Ground GNU Gnu's Not Unix (operating system) GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile GOV Government (organization Domain name) [Internet] GP Gas Plasma + General Purpose GPF General Protection Fault GPI Graphics Programming Interface GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus GPS Global Positioning System GPSS * General Purpose Systems Simulator (language) GRE Graphics Engine .GRF Graph (file name extension) .GRP Group (file name extension) GS Group Separator GUI Graphical User Interface GW-BASIC Gee Whiz BASIC .H Header (file name extension) [C] HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing [IBM] HAL Hard Array Logic + House Programmed Array Logic HAL * Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic (computer) [from 1968 movie "2001: A Space Odyssey"] HASP Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (System) HBA Host Bus Adapter HD Hard Disk + High Density HDA Head Disk Assembly HDCD High Definition Compatible Digital HDI Head to Disk Interference HDLC High-Level Data Link Control HDR Header HDSC High Density Signal Carrier [DEC] HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber Link HDTV High Definition Television HDW Hardware HDX Half Duplex HERC Hercules HEX Hexadecimal HGA Hercules Graphics Adapter HGCP Hercules Graphics Card Plus HH Hour HIFD High-Density Floppy Disk HIL Human Interface Link [HP] HLCO High Low Close Open HLL High Level Language HLLAPI High Level Language Application Programming Interface .HLP Help (file name extension) HLQ High Level Qualifier HLS Hue, Luminance, Saturation (color model) HLT Halt HMA High Memory Area [Microsoft] + Hub Management Architecture HMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor + High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor HP Hewlett-Packard (Company) HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications HPDJ Hewlett-Packard Desk Jet HPFS High-Performance File System HPG Hewlett-Packard Graphics HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus HPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet HPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture HPPI High Performance Parallel Interface HPW High Performance Workstation [Sun] HRIS Human Resource Information System HRG High Resolution Graphics HRMS Human Resource Management System HS High Speed HSC High Speed Channel HSM Hierarchical Storage Management HSP High Speed Printer HSSI High Speed Serial Interface HST High Speed Technology [U.S. Robotics] .HST History + Host (file name extensions) HSV Hue Saturation Value HUT Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope H/V Horizontal/Vertical HVP Horizontal & Vertical Position H/W Hardware HWCP Hardware Code Page HWD Height-Width-Depth .HYP Hyphenation (file name extension) Hz Hertz IAB Internet Activities Board [Internet] IAC Interapplication Communication IAL * International Algebraic Language (ALGOL was first called IAL) IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [Internet] IAT Import Address Table IBC Instrument Bus Computer IBM International Business Machines (Corporation) IBM-GL IBM Graphics Language IC Input Circuit + Integrated Circuit + Interrupt Controller ICA Intra-application Communications Area ICAS Intel Communicating Applications Specifications ICCP Institute for the Certification of Computer Professionals ICE In-Circuit Emulator [Intel] ICL Interface Clear ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol [Novell] .ICO Icon (file name extension) iCOMP Intel Comparative Microprocessor (index) [Intel] ICP Integrated Channel Processor ICR Intelligent Character Recognition ICS Intuitive Command Structure ID Identification + Identifier IDA Integrated Digital Access + Intelligent Disk Array + Intelligent Drive Array IDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming Interface IDE Imbedded Drive Electronics + Integrated Development Environment [Borlund] + Integrated Drive Electronics + Intelligent Drive Electronics + Interactive Design and Engineering + Interface Design Enhancement IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame IDIV Integer Divide IDMS Integrated Data Base Management System IDP Integrated Data Processing IDT Interrupt Descriptor Table .IDX Index (file name extension) IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEF Information Engineering Facility IEMSI Interactive Electronic Mail Standard Identification IETF Internet Engineering Task Force I/F Interface IFD Image File Directory IFG Incoming Fax Gateway IFS Installable File System [OS/2] IGA Integrated Graphics Array IGC Integrated Graphics Controller IIF Immediate IF IIR Immediate Impulse Response IMDS Image Data Stream (format) [IBM] IMG Image IMP Interface Message Processor IMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter [DCA] IMS Information Management System + Intermediate Maintenance Standards IMTV Interactive Multimedia Television IMUL Integer Multiply IN Input INC Increment .INF Information (file name extension) .INI Initialize (file name extension) INIT Initialize INM Integrated Network Management INS Input String INT Integer + Internal + Interrupt + International (organization Domain name) [Internet] INTA Interrupt Acknowledge InterNIC Internet Network Information Center [Internet] INTO Interrupt if Overflow occurs I/O Input/Output IOCS Input/Output Control System IOCTL Input/Output Control IOPL Input/Output Priviledge Level IOSGA Input/Output Support Gate Array IP Instruction Pointer + Internet Protocol IPC Instructions Per Clock + Interprocess Communication IPDS Intelligent Printer Data Stream [IBM] IPF Information Presentation Facility IPL Initial Program Load/Loader + Ion Projection Lithography IPL * Information Programming Language IPM Interpersonal Message IPSE Integrated Project Support Environment IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange [Novell] IQL Interactive Query Language IRC Internet Relay Chat [Internet] IRDS Information Resource Dictionary System IRET Interrupt Return IRL Interactive Reader Language + Inter-Repeater Link IRLED Infrared Light Emitting Diode IRM Information Resource Management IRQ Interrupt Request IRX Information Retrieval Experiment IS Information System + Interrupt Status ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISAM Indexed Sequential-Access Management/Method ISBN International Standard Book Number ISC Instruction Set Computer ISD Image Section Descriptor + Instructional Systems Design ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISI Internally Specified Index ISIS Integrated Systems and Information Services ISL Interactive System Language ISMF Interactive Storage Management Facility ISO/OSI International Standards Organization/Open Systems Interconnection (model) ISP Internet Service Provider [Internet] + Interrupt Stack Pointer + Interrupt Status Port ISPF Interactive System Programming Facility ISR Information Storage and Retrieval + Interrupt Service Routine ISSN International Standard Serial Number ISV Independent Software Vendor ITB Information Technology Branch + Intermediate Text Block ITC International Typeface Corporation ITU International Telecommunication Union ITUG International Telecommunications User Group ITV Interactive Television ITX Intermediate Text Block IVIS Interactive Video Information System IVR Interactive Voice Response IVS Interactive Videodisk System IVT Interrupt Vector Table IV&V Independent Verification & Validation JA Jump Address + Jump if Above JAD Joint Application Design JAE Jump if Above or Equal JANET Joint Academic Network JBE Jump if Below or Equal JC Jump if Carry set JCL Job Control Language JE Jump if Equal JEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council JEIDA Japanese Electronics Industry Development Association JES Job Entry System JFET Junction Field Effect Transistor JG Jump if Greater JGE Jump if Greater or Equal JL Jump if Less JLE Jump if Less than or Equal to JMP Jump JNA Jump if Not Above JNAE Jump if Not Above or Equal JNB Jump if Not Below JNBE Jump if Not Below or Equal JNG Jump if Not Greater JNGE Jump if Not Greater or Equal .JNK Junk (file name extension) JNLE Jump if Not Less or Equal JNO Jump if No Overflow JNP Jump if No Parity JNS Jump if No Sign JPE Jump if Parity Even JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPO Jump if Parity Odd JS Jump if Sign JZ Jump if Zero JNZ Jump if Not Zero KB Keyboard + Kilobyte (1,024 bytes) KBD Keyboard (also KEYB) KBD$ Keyboard [OS/2] Kbit Kilobit KBPS Kilobytes Per Second KDT Key Definition Table KEYBBE Foreign language KEYBoard program - Belgium KEYBBR Foreign language KEYBoard program - Brazil KEYBCF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Canadian-French KEYBCZ Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia (Czech) KEYBDF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Denmark KEYBFR Foreign language KEYBoard program - France KEYBGR Foreign language KEYBoard program - Germany KEYBHU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Hungary KEYBIT Foreign language KEYBoard program - Italy KEYBLA Foreign language KEYBoard program - Latin America KEYBNL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Netherlands KEYBNO Foreign language KEYBoard program - Norway KEYBPL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Poland KEYBPO Foreign language KEYBoard program - Portugal KEYBSF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-French KEYBSG Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-German KEYBSL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia (Slovak) KEYBSP Foreign language KEYBoard program - Spain KEYBSU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Finland KEYBSV Foreign language KEYBoard program - Sweden KEYBUK Foreign language KEYBoard program - United Kingdom KEYBUS Foreign language KEYBoard program - United States KEYBYU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Yugoslavia kHz Kilohertz KPI Kernal Programming Interface KSPH Keystrokes Per Hour KSR Keyboard Send Receive KRS Knowledge Retrieval System LADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture [Microsoft] LALL Longest Allowed Lobe Length LAN Local Area Network LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced (protocol) LAPD Link Access Procedure Direct (protocol) LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems LAR Load Access Rights LASTport Local Area Storage Transport (protocol) [DEC] LAT Local Area Transport [DEC] LAVC Local Area VAX Cluster LAWN Local Area Wireless Network LB Left Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse) LBL Label LBR Librarian .LBR Library (file name extension) LBT Listen Before Talk LCC Leadless Chip Carrier LCD Liquid Crystal Display LCK Library Construction Kit [Mircrosoft FoxPro] LCP Link Control Protocol (protocol) LCU Last Cluster Used LDA Logical Device Address LDC Lotus Development Corporation LDM Long Distance Modem LDT Local Descriptor Table LE Less or Equal LEA Load Effective Address LED Light Emitting Diode LEM Language Extension Module LEN Low Entry Networking .LET Letter (file name extension) LEX Lexicon LF Line Feed LFI Last File Indicator LFU Least Frequently Used LGDT Load Global Descriptor Table .LIB Library (file name extension) LICS Lotus International Character Set [LDC] LIDT Load Interrupt Descriptor Table LIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet [Novell] LIF Low Insertion Force LIFO Last In, First Out LILO Last In, Last Out LIM Lotus/Intel/Microsoft LIMA Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/AST LIMS Library Information Management System LIPS Logical Inferences Per Second LISP List Processing (Language)(See HLL) LLC Logical Link Control LLDT Load Local Descriptor Table LMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character Set [Lotus] LMI Local Management Interface LMSW Load Machine Status Word LM/X LAN Manager for Unix LN Logarithm (Natural) LNDI Lotus Notes:Document Imaging LOC Loop On-Line Control LOCIS Library of Congress Information System LODSB Load String Byte LOG Logarithm (Base 10) LOGO (Programming Language)(See HLL) LOOPE Loop while Equal LOOPNE Loop while Not Equal LOOPNZ Loop while Not Zero LOOPZ Loop while Zero LORE Line Oriented Editor LPC Local Procedure Call LPD Line Printer Daemon (protocol) [Berkley] LPI Lines Per Inch LPL Lotus Programming Language [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] LPM Lines Per Minute LPN Logical Page Number LPS Low-Power Schottky LPT Line Printer LPT1 First Parallel Printer Port LPT2 Second Parallel Printer Port LPT3 Third Parallel Printer Port LQ Letter Quality LQM Link Quality Monitoring (protocol) LRC Local Register Cache + Longitudinal Redundancy Check LRL Least Recently Loaded .LRS Language Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect] LRU Least Recently Used LSA Line Sharing Adapter LSAPI License Services Application Program Interface [SPA] LSB Least Significant Bit LSC Least Significant Character LSD Least Significant Digit LSI Large Scale Integration LSL Load Segment Limit LST List .LST List (file name extension) LTR Left-To-Right + Letter + Load Task Register LU Logical Unit (Also LUN) LUA Logical Unit Application (interface) LUI Local User Input LUT Lookup Table LZ Lazy Write LZW Lempel-Ziv-Walsh (algorithm) mA Milliampere MAC Media/Medium Access Control .MAC MacPaint (file name extension) + Macro (file name extension) MACH Multilayer Actuator Head [Epson] mAh Milliampere-Hour .MAI Mail (file name extension) MAN Manual + Metropolitan Area Network MAP Maintenance Analysis Procedures + Manufacturing Automation Protocol + Memory Allocation Map .MAP Linker Map (file name extension) MAPI Mail/Messaging Applications Programming Interface [Microsoft] MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production Information Control System [IBM] MASM Macro Assembler [Microsoft] MASS Maximum Availability and Support Subsystem [Parallan] MAU Media Access Unit + Multistation Access Unit MAVDM Multiple Application VDM MAX Maximum MB Megabyte (1,000 kilobytes) + Middle Button (of 3 button Mouse) MBASIC Microsoft BASIC [Microsoft] MBPS Megabytes Per Second MBR Master Boot Record MBX Mailbox MCA Micro Channel Architecture [IBM] MCB Memory Control Block MCGA Multicolor Graphics Array MCI Media Control Interface [Microsoft] MCL Microsoft Compatibility Labs [Microsoft] MCU Multi-Chip Unit [DEC] MD Make Directory + Monochrome Display MDA Monochrome Display Adapter .MDF Menu Definition File (file name extension) MDI Multiple Document Interface MDIC Manchester Decoder and Interface Chip [AT&T] MDK Multimedia Developers Kit [Microsoft] MDR Minimum Design Requirement MDY Month Day Year .ME Opening Information (file name extension) (As in READ.ME) MEB Memory Expansion Board MEG Megabyte .MEN Menu (file name extension) MESI Modified Exclusive Shared and Invalid (protocol) MFFS Microsoft Flash File System [Microsoft] MFLOPS Million Floating Point Operations Per Second MFM Modified Frequency Modulation MFP Multifunction Peripheral MFS Magnetic Tape Field Search + Modified Filing System [Revelation Technologies] MFT Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks MGA Monochrome Graphics Adapter MGE Modular GIS Environment MGR Manager MHS Message Handling Service + Message Handling System MHz Megahertz MIB Management Information Base MICS Macro Interpretive Commands MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIF Management Information Format MII Microsoft/IBM/Intel MIL Machine Interface Layer [Go Corporation] + Military (organization Domain name) [Internet] MIM Metal-Insulator-Metal (screen) MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor) MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension [Internet] MIN Minimum MIPS Million Instructions Per Second MIS Management Information System MISC Miscellaneous MIX Member Information Exchange MKDIR Make Directory ML Machine Language MM Minutes + Month MMA Microcomputer Managers Association MMC Matched Memory Cycle + Microcomputer Marketing Council MMIS Materials Manager Information System MMPM Multi Media Presentation Manager MMU Memory Management Unit MNOS Metal Nitride Oxide Semiconductor MNP Microcom Networking Protocol [Microcom] .MNU Menu (fine name extension) MO Magneto-Optical (disk drive) MODEM Modulator Demodulator MOHLL Machine Oriented High Level Language MOV Metal Oxide Varistor + Move MOVS Move String MOD Modem + Modulus MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MOV Move MOVS Move String MP Multiple Processors MPC Multimedia Personal Computer MPCS Mission Planning and Control Station (Software) MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group MPP Massively Parallel Processing + Message Processing Program MPR Multipart Repeater MPU Microprocessor Unit MR Modem Ready MRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression Format MRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression Interface MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRO Multi-Region Operation MRP Materials Requirement Planning MRPL Main Ring Path Length MRT Mean Repair Time MS Memory System + Message Store + Microsecond + Microsoft Corporation + Millisecond MSACM Mircrosoft Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft] MSAV Microsoft Anti Virus MSB Most Significant Bit MSCDEX Microsoft CD Extensions [Microsoft] MSD Mass Storage Device + Most Significant Digit MS-DOS Microsoft - Disk Operating System [Microsoft] MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data Request MSDS Microsoft Developer Support [Microsoft] MSG Message .MSG Program Message (file name extension) MSI Medium Scale Integration MSL Map Specification Library .MSP Microsoft Paint (file name extension) [Microsoft] MSW Machine Status Word MTA Message Transfer Agent + Multiple Terminal Access MTBB Mean Time Between Breakdowns MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTBJ Mean Time Between Jams MTF Microsoft Tape Format [Microsoft] + Modulation Transfer Function MTS Message Transfer Service/System + Multichannel Television Sound MTTF Mean Time To Failure MTTR Mean Time To Repair MUD Multiuser Domains [Internet] + Multiuser Dungeons [Internet] MUL Multiply MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (Programming Language) MUX Multiplexer mV Millivolt MVB Multimedia Viewer Book MVC Multimedia Viewer Compiler MVDM Multiple Virtual DOS Machines MVGA Monochrome Video Graphics Array MVS Multiple Virtual Storage MVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks MX Mail Exchanger [Internet] NACD National Association of Computer Dealers NACS National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors NAE Not Above or Equal NAK Negative Acknowledgment NAPLPS North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (graphics) NAS Network Application Support [DEC] NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface [Novell] NAU Network Addressable Unit NBE Not Below or Equal NBI Nothing But Initials NBS National Bureau of Standards NC No Carry + Numerical Control NCA Network Communications Adapter NCC Network Control Center NCGA National Computer Graphics Association NCIC National Crime Information Center NCMT * Numerical Control for Machine Tools NCP NetWare Core Protocol + Network Control Processor + Network Control Program + Not Copy Protected NCR National Cash Register (Company) NCSI Network Communications Services Interface [Novell] NDEF Not to be Defined NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification NDP Numeric Data Processor NDRO Non-Destructive Read Out NDS NetWare Directory Service [Novell] .NDX Index (file name extension) NEC Nippon Electric Company NEG Negative + Negate NET Network (organization Domain name) [Internet] NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System [IBM] NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface [IBM] .NEW New Information (file name extension) NEWS NetWare Early Warning System [Frye Computer] NEXT Near-End Crosstalk NFF No Fault Found NFS Network File System NG No Good NGE Not Greater or Equal NHC National Hurricane Center N/I Non-Interlaced NIC Network Information Center [Internet] + Network Interface Card + Numeric Intensive Computing NICAD Nickel Cadmium NID New Interactive Display [NEC] + Next ID NIMH Nickel-Metal Hydride NIPS Network I/Os Per Second NISO National Information Standards Organization NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology NITC National Information Technology Center NJE Network Job Entry (protocol) [IBM] NL New Line NLE Not Less or Equal NLM NetWare Loadable Module [Netware] NLQ Near Letter Quality NLS National Language Support [OS/2] NMI Non-Maskable Interrupt NMM NetWare Management Map [NetWare] NMOS Negative Channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor NMS Network Management System [Novell] NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol [Internet] NOC Network Operations Center NOP No Operation NOR Not Or NOS Network Operating System NPA Network Printer Alliance NPI Network Printer Interface NPL Nonprocedural Language NPU Natural Processing Unit NPX Numeric Processor Extension NREN National Research and Education Network NRZ Not Return to Zero NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted NS Nanosecond + Network Supervisor + Non Stop NSA POLY National Security Agency Polygraph NSF National Science Foundation NSTL National Software Testing Labs NT New Technology [Microsoft] NTF No Trouble Found NTFS New Technology File System [Microsoft] NTSC National Television Standards Committee NUI Network User Identification + Network User Interface + Notebook User Interface [Go Corporation] NUL Dummy Device + No Device NV No Overflow NVM Non-Volatile Memory NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory OAB One-to-All Broadcast OAG Official Airline Guide + Online Air Guide OAI Open Applications Interface OAS One-to-All Scatter OBJ Object OCE Open Collaborative Environment [Apple] OCL Operation Control Language + Operator Control Language OCR Optical Character Recognition ODA Office Document Architecture ODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface [Borlund] ODBC Open Database Connectivity [Microsoft] ODBMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see OODMS) ODI Open Datalink Interface [Novell] + Open Device Interconnect [NetWare] ODS Open Data Services [Microsoft] OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OF Overflow Flag OFMT Output Format for Numbers OFS Output Field Separator OH Off Hook OIDL Object Interface Definition Language OIS Office Information Systems .OLD Old version (file name extension) OLE Object Linking and Embedding [Microsoft] OLI Optical Line Interface [AT&T] OLMC Output Logic Macrocell OLTP On-Line Transaction Processing OM Object Manager OMF Object Module Format [Microsoft] + Open Message Format OMG Object Management Group OMI Open Messaging Interface [Lotus] OMNS Open Network Management System OMR Optical Mark Recognition ONC Open Network Computing [Sun] OODB Object-Oriented Database OODMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see ODBMS) OOL Object-Oriented Language OOPL Object-Oriented Programming Language OOPS Object Oriented Programming and Systems OOS Object-Oriented Systems + Off-line Operating Simulator OOUI Object Oriented User Interface OP Operation + Optical + Output OPAC Online Public Access Catlog [Internet] OPC Optical Photoconductor OPCODE Operational Code OPD Operand OPI Open Prepress Interface OPM Operations Per Minute OPS Operations OPT Open Protocol Technology .OPT Options (file name extension) OPUS Octal Program Updating System ORACLE On-Line Inquiry and Report Generator (UNIX DB program) ORG Organization (organization Domain name) [Internet] .ORI Original (file name extension) ORS Output Record Separator OS Operating System OS/2 Operating System/2 [IBM] OSA Open System Architecture OS/E Operating System/Environment OSF Open Software Foundation OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSM Off-Screen Model OSP Optical Storage Processor OSPF Open Shortest Path First OSQL Object Structured Query Language OT Object Technology OTF Open Token Foundation OTP One-Time Programmable .OUT Outlines (file name extension) OUTS Output String OV Overflow .OVL Program Overlay (file name extension) .OVR Program Overlay (file name extension) OWL Object Windows Library [Borlund] + Open Windows Library [Borlund] PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler PADS Pen Application Development System [Slate Corporation] .PAK Packed (file name extension) PAL Paradox Applications Language [Borlund] + Phase Alternate Line + Programmed Array Logic + Programming Assembly Language PALC Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal (display) PALS Principles of the Alphabet Literacy System PAP Passwork Authentication Protocol (protocol) PAR Parallel PARA Paragraph PARC Palo Alto Research Center [XEROX] .PAS PASCAL source code (file name extension) PASCAL (Programming Language named for Blaise Pascal) .PAT Patch (file name extension) PBE Prompt By Example PBX Private Branch Exchange PC Personal Computer + Printed Circuit + Program Counter PCB Printed Circuit Board + Program Control Block PC-DOS Personal Computer - Disk Operating System [IBM] PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect [Intel] PC-I/O Program Controlled I/O PCL Printer Command Language [HP] + Process Control Language PCM Personal Computer Manufacturer + Pulse Code Modulation PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PCNFS Personal Computer Network File System PCS Patchable Control Store + Personal Communication Services + Planning Control Sheet + Print Contrast Signal + Process Control Systems + Program Counter Store + Programmable Drive Table + Project Control System .PCT Picture (file name extension) .PCX Picture Image (file name extension) PD Public Domain PDA Personal Digital Assistant PDD Physical Device Driver PDF Portable Document Format + Processor Defined Function + Program Development Facility .PDF Printer Description (file name extension)[Borlund,Lotus] PDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List [Internet] PDL Page Description Language + Program Description Language + Program Design Language PDN Public Data Network PDP Progammable Data Processor + (DEC Computer System Designation, i.e. PDP-8, PDP-11) PDS Packet Driver Specification + Partitioned Data Set PDSS Post Development and Software Support PDT Programmable Drive Table .PDX Paradox files (file name extension) [Borlund] PE Parity Even + Processing Element + Protect Enable PEA Pocket Ethernet Adapter PEL Picture Element [IBM] PEN SDK Pen Computing Software Development Kit PEP Packetized Ensemble Protocol [Telebit] PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language [Unix] PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique PES Positioning Error Signal + Processor Enhancement Socket Processor Upgrade Socket PET Print Enhancement Technology [Compaq] .PFM Printer Font Metrics (file name extension) [Windows] PFR Power-Fail Restart PGA Pin Grid Array + Professional Graphics Adapter [IBM] PGDN Page Down .PGL Graphics (file name extension) [Hewlett-Packard] PGM Program .PGP ProGram Parameter (file name extension) [AutoCAD] PGUP Page Up PHIGS Programmers' Hierarchial Interactive Graphics Standards .PHO Phone List (file name extension) PI Program Interruption PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter PIC Priority Interrupt Controller + Program Interrupt Controller PICT Picture PID Process Identification Number PIF Program Information File PILOT Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching PIM Personal Information Manager PIN Personal Identification Number PING Packet Internet Groper PIO Parallel Input/Output + Processor Input/Output + Programmed Input/Output PIP Picture In Picture + Problem Isolation Procedure + Programmable Interconnect Point PIPO Parallel In, Parallel Out PIT Programmable Interval Timer PIXEL Picture Element PL Plus PLA Programmable Logic-Array PLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations PLC Programmable Logic Controller PLCC Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier PLD Programmable Logic Device PLL Phase Locked Loop .PLL Prelinked Library (file name extension) [Clipper] PL/M Programming Language for Micros PLV Production Level Video PL/1 * Programming Language One PM Presentation Manager [IBM] + Preventative Maintenance + Process Manager PMMU Paged Memory Management Unit PMOS Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor PMS Policy Management System PN Processing Node PO Parity Odd POL Problem Oriented Language POP Point Of Presence [MCI] + Pop from Stack + Post Office Protocol POPA Pop All Registers POPF Pop Flags POS Point Of Sale + Positive + Programmable Object Select POSIX Portable Operating System Environment Standard [IEEE] POST Power-On Self Test POSTNET Postal Numeric Encoding Technique PPDS Personal Printer Data Stream [IBM] PPM Pages Per Minute PPP Point-to-Point Protocol [Internet] PRAM Parallel Random-Access Machine .PRD Printer Driver (file name extension) [Word] .PRF Preferences (file name extension) [Grammatik IV] .PRG Program (file name extension) PRMD Private Mangement Domain [X.400} .PRO Profile (file name extension) PROC Procedure PROFS Professional Office System [IBM] PROG Program + Programmer PROLOG Programming In Logic (Programming Language)(See HLL) PROM Programmable Read Only Memory PRN Printer PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PRACSA Public Remote Access Computer Standards Association PRAM Parameter Random Access Memory + Programmable Random Access Memory PRMD Private Management Domain .PRS Printer (file name extension) [WordPerfect] PRTSC Print Screen PS Proportional Spacing .PS PostScript (file name extension) PS/2 Programming System 2 [IBM] PSC Product Service Center PSF Permanent Swap File PSP Personal Software Products (group) [IBM] + Program Segment Prefix P-SRAM Pseudo-Static Random Access Memory PSTN Public Switch Telephone Network PSW Program Status Word PT Page Table P/T Part Time PTD Parallel Transfer Disk Drive PUB Public (directory) [Internet] + Publish .PUB Publication (file name extension) [Ventura] PUS Processor Upgrade Socket PUSHA Push All Registers PUSHF Push Flags PVC Polyvinyl Chloride PVM Parallel Virtual Machine + Pass-through Virtual Machine (protocol) [IBM] PWB Printed Wire Board + Programmer's Workbench [Microsoft] PWR Power PWSCS Programmable Worstation Communication Services [IBM] .PX Primary Index (file name extension) [Paradox] QA Quality Assurance QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QBE Query By Example QBF Query by Form QC Quality Control QDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System .QDI Dictionary (file name extension) [Quicken] .QDT Data (file name extension) [Quicken] QFA Quick File Access QIC Quality Information Using Cycle Time [Hewlett-Packard] + Quarter-Inch Cartridge .QIF Quicken Interchange Format (file name extension) .QMT Memorized List (file name extension) [Quicken] .QNX Indexes to Data (file name extension) [Quicken] QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RA Return Authorization RACF Resource Access Control Facility RAG Row Address Generator RAID Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks + Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives + Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RALU Register Arithmetic Logic Unit RAM Random Access Memory RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter [Sierra] RAND Random RAP Rapid Application Prototyping RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RAS Random Access Storage + Reliability, Availability and Serviceability + Row Address Select RB Right Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse) RBBS Remote Bulletin Board System RCL Rotate Carry Left RCP Restore Cursor Position RCR Rotate Carry Right RCS Records Communications Switching System RD Receive Data + Remove Directory R&D Research and Development RDA Remote Database Access RDB Receive Data Buffer + Relational Database RDBMS Relational Database Mangement System RDCLK Received Timing Clock RDSR Receiver Data Service Request .REC Recorder (file name extension) .REF Reference (file name extension) REG Register REGAL Rigid Epoxy Glass Acrylic Laminate RELSECT Relative Sector REM Remark + Remote + Ring Error Monitor REN Rename REP Repeat REPE Repeat while Equal REPNE Repeat while Not Equal REPNZ Repeat while Not Zero REPZ Repeat while Zero REQ Request RES Remote Execution Service + Reset + Resolution .RES Resource (file name extension) RET Resolution Enhancement Technology [HP] + Return REX Relocatable Executable REXX Restructured Extended Executor (language) [IBM] RF Radio Frequency RFC Request For Comments [Internet] RFI Radio Frequency Interference RFP Request for Proposal RFS Remote File System RFT Revisable Form Text + Rich Text Format RFU Reserved For Future Use RGB Red-Green-Blue (color model) RI Referential Integrity RIFF Resource Interschange File Format [Microsoft] RIM Remote Installation and Maintenance [Microsoft] RIME RelayNet International Message Exchange RIP Raster Image Processor + Remote Imaging Protocol + Routing Information Protocol [Novell] RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer RJE Remote Job Entry RLE Run Length Encoded RLL Run Length Limited RLN Remote LAN Node [DCA] RLSD Received Line Signal Detected RLSI * Ridiculously Large-Scale Integration RM Reset Mode RMA Return Material Authorization + Return to Manufacturer Authorization RMDIR Remove Directory RMON Remote Monitor/Monitoring RMS Record Management Services + Root Mean Square RND Random R-O Read Only ROL Rotate Left ROM Read Only Memory ROR Rotate Right RPC Real Procedure Call + Remote Procedure Call RPG Report Program Generator (Programming Language) RPL Resident Programming Language + Requested Privilege Level RPPROM Reprogrammable PROM RPT Repeat RPQ Request for Price Quotation RQBE Relational Query By Example [Fox Pro] RR Real Reality RS Radio Shack + Recommended Standard (as in RS-232) [EIA] + Record Separator + Request to Send RSCS Remote Spooling Communications System RSL Request-and-Status Link RSP Required Space Character RST Reset + Restart RSTS Resource Sharing Time Sharing [Digital] RSX Real Time Resource Sharing Executive RT Real Time + RISC Technology + Run Time R/T Receive/Transmit RTAM Remote Terminal Access Method RTC Real-Time Clock RTF Rich Text Format RTL Register Transfer Language + Resistor Transistor Logic + Right-To-Left + Run Time Library RTM Response Time Monitor RTOS Real-Time Operating System RTS Request To Send RTTY Radio Teletypewriter (Communications) RTV Real Time Video R/W Read/Write RWM Read-Write Memory RX Receiver RXD Received Data SAA Systems Application Architecture [IBM] SADL Synchronous Data Link Control [Racal-Vadic] SAINT * Symbolic Automatic Integrator SAL Shift Arithmetic Left SAM Serial Access Memory + Sequential Access Method SAP Second Audio Program + Service Access Point [DEC] + Service Advertising Protocol SAP * Symbolic Assembly Program SAR Shift Arithmetic Right + Successive Approximation Register SAS Sales Accounting System + Single Audio System .SAV Saved (file name extension) SAVDM Single Application VDM SB Sound Board SBB Subtract With Borrow SBC Single-Board Computer SBCS Single-Byte Character Set SCAS Scan String SCB Subsystem Control Block [IBM] SCC Serial Communications Controllers + Serial Controller Chip + Synchronous Channel Check [IBM] SCCS Source Code Control System SCD Standard Color Display SCF System Control Facility SCM Software Configuration Management SCO Santa Cruz Operation (Software Company) SCOPE Simple Communications Programming Enironment [Hayes] SCP Save Cursor Position + Subsystem Control Port + System Control Program SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier .SCR Script (file name extension) SCRN Screen (video display) SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface SD Send Data SDA Software Disk Array + Source Data Automation + System Display Architecture [Digital] SDF Space Delimited File + Space Delimited Format .SDF Standard Data Format (file name extension) SDI Selective Dissemination of Information SDK Software Developer's Kit [Microsoft] SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (protocol) SDN Software Defined Network [AT&T] SDNS Secure Data Network Service SDR Streaming Data Request SDS Sysops Distribution System SD_STB Streaming Data Strobe [IBM] SEA Standard Extended Attribute [OS/2] SEAC * Name of first computer to use transistors, built by Standard Eastern Automating Computing SEC Single Error Correction SECAM Sequential Color And Memory SED Stream Editor SEG Segment SEL Select SEM Scanning Electron Microscope + Standard Electronic Module SER Serial SET Softwave Engineering Technology .SET Driver Set (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] + Image Settings (file name extension) [Paradox] SEU Smallest Executable Unit SF Sign Flag SFQL Structured Full-text Query Language SFT System Fault Tolerance SFX Sound Effect(s) SGEN Signal Generator + System Generator SGDT Store Global Descriptor Table SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language SGR Set Graphics Rendition S/H Sample and Hold SHAR Shell Archive SHL Shift Logical Left SHR Shift Logical Right SI Source Index + System Information SID Station Identification [AT&T] + Symbolic Interactive Debugger SIDT Store Interrupt Descriptor Table SIG Special Interest Group SIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and Technology SIM Simulator SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor) SIMM Single In-line Memory Module SIMULA Simulation (language) SIO Serial Input/Output (communications driver) SIP Single In-line Package SIPO Serial In, Parallel Out SIPP Single In-line Pin Package SIT Special Information Tones SISO Serial In, Serial Out SLDT Store Local Descriptor Table SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol SLMR Silly Little Modem Reader SLOSH Sea, Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricane (program) SLSI Super Large-Scale Integration SLSS Systems Library Subscription Service [IBM] SM Set Mode + Shared Memory SMB Server Message Block (protocol) [MII] SMD Surface Mounted Device SMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service SMF System Manager Facility [Compaq] SMI System Management Interrupt [Intel] SMIF Standard Mechanical Interface SMIT System Management Interface Tool [IBM] SMK Software Migration Kit [Microsoft] SMM System Mangement Mode [Intel] SMP Symbolic Manipulation Program + Symmetrical Multiprocessor SMPC Shared Memory Parallel Computer SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply SMRAM System Management Random Access Memory SMS Storage Management Services [NetWare] + Storage Management Subsystem SMSW Store Machine Status Word SMT Surface-Mount Technology SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMU System Management Utility SN Serial Number S/N Signal-to-Noise (Ratio) SNA Systems Network Architecture [IBM] SND Sound SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language (Progamming Language) SNP Serial Number/Password [Omen Technology] SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SOC System On a Chip SOE Standard Operating Environment SOH Start of Heading SOL Simulation Oriented Language SOM Start of Message + System Object Model [IBM] SONET Synchronous Optical Network SOP Standard Operating Procedures SOS Silicon On Sapphire + Standards and Open Systems SOTA State Of The Art SOX Sound Exchange SP Service Pack [IBM] + Stack Pointer + System Product SPA Software Publishers Association SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture SPC Small Peripheral Controller + Statistical Process Control SPCL Spectrum Cellular Corporation SPF Shortest Path First + System Programming Facility SPI Service Provider Interface SPIKE Science Planning Intelligent Knowledge-Based Environment [STScI] SPL Spooler .SPL Spell Checker (file name extension) SPM System Performance Monitor [IBM] SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On Line SPS Standby Power System SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPT Sectors Per Track SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange [Novell] SQ Squeezed (files) SQL/DS Structured Query Language/Data System [IBM] SQRT Square Root SR Shift Register SRAM Shadow Random Access Memory + Static Random Access Memory SRD Screen Reader System SRM Security Reference Monitor SRO Sharable and Read Only SRPI Server-Requester Programming Interface SRQ Service Request SRR Serially Reusable Resource SS Stack Segment + Single Sided + Seconds SSEC * Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator [IBM] SSGA System Suppport Gate Array SSI Small Scale Integration SST Spread-Spectrum Technology STA Spanning Tree Algorithm STB Strobe STC Set Carry Flag STD Set Direction Flag + Standard STDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance [Banyan] STDAUX Standard Auxillary STDERR Standard Error STDIN Standard Input STDIO.H Standard Input/Output Header [C] STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexer STDOUT Standard Output STDPRN Standard Printer .STF Structured File (file name extension) [Lotus Agenda] STI Set Interrupt Flag STN Supertwist Nematic STOS Store String STP Shielded Twisted Pair (cable) + Signal Transfer Point STR Store Task Register + Synchronous Transmitter Receiver STRESS Structural Engineering System Solver (Programming Language) STRUDL Structural Design Language (Programming Language) STScI Space Telescope Science Institute STX Start of Text .STY Style (file name extension) [Ventura, Word, WordPerfect] SUB Subroutine + Substitute + Subtract .SUP Supplemental Dictionary (file name extension) [WordPerfect] SVGA Super Video Graphics Array S-VHS Super VHS S/W Software .SWP Swap (file name extension) SYLK Symbolic Link .SYM Symbols (file name extension) .SYN Synonym (file name extension) SYNC Synchronous SYS System .SYS System Configuration (file name extension) + System Device Driver (file name extension) SYSGEN System Generator SYSLOG System Log SYSMOD System Modification SYSOP System Operator SYSREQ System Request TAD Telephone Answering Device TAPCIS The Access Program for the CompuServe Information Service TAR Tape Archive TASM Turbo Assembler [Borland] TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Tranceiver Interface TB Terabyte (1,000 gigabytes) T/B Top and Bottom TBBS The Bread Board System (BBS) .TBK Toolbook (file name extension) TC Test Control + Transmission Control TCM Trellis-Coded Modulation TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TD Transmit Data TDtoDP Tablet Coordinates to Display Coordinates (converting) TDE Terminal Display Editor .TDF Trace Definition File (file name extension) [OS/2] + Typeface Definition File (file name extension) TDM Time Division Multiplexing TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TDMS Terminal Display Management System TDSR Transmitter Data Service Request TDR Time Domain Reflectometry TE/2 Terminal Emulator/2 [Oberon] TEC Tokyo Electronics Corporation TED Tiny Editor TEML Turbo Editor Macro Language [Borlund] TER Thermal Eclipse Reading [Sony] TERMPWR Terminator Power TFDD Text File Device Driver TFEL Thin-Film Electroluminescent .TFM Tagged Font Metric (file name extension) TFT Thin-Film Transistor (screens) THD Total Harmonic Distortion .THD Thread (file name extension) THOR Tandy High-Performance Optical Recording .THS Thesaurus (file name extension) TI Texas Instruments, Inc. TID Target ID TIES Time Independent Escape Sequence .TIF Tagged Image File (filename extension) TIFF Tagged Image File Format TIGA Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture TIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing TIP Terminal Interface Processor TLB Translation Lookaside Buffer TLI Transport Layer Interface TLU Table Lookup .TLX Telex (file name extension) TM Trademark TMP Temporary TN Twisted Nematic TNC Terminal Node Controller TOP Technical and Office Protocol TPC Transaction Processing Performance Council TPI Tracks Per Inch TPL Table Producing Language TPM Transactions Per Minute TPORT Twisted Pair Port Transceiver [AT&T] TPS Transactions Per Second + Transaction Processing System TPW Turbo Pascal for Windows TQM Total Quality Management TR Terminal Ready T/R Transmit/Receive TRADIC * Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer (Name of first computer to be entirely transistorized) .TRM Terminal (file name extension) TRON The Real-Time Operating System Nucleus TS Top Secret TSA Technical Support Alliance TSB Termination Status Block TSO Time Sharing Option TSR Terminate and Stay Resident TSS Task State Segment + Time Sharing System TS/SI Top Secret/Sensitive Information .TST Test (file name extension) TSTN Triple Supertwisted Nematic .TTF TrueType Font (file name extension) TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic TTS Transaction Tracking System TTY Teletype TUI Text-Based User Interface [WordPerfect] .TUT Tutorial (file name extension) TVI Television Interference TWX Teletypewriter Exchange Service TXD Transmitted Data TXT Text TXT2STF Text To Structured File [Lotus Agenda] UA User Agent + User Area UAE Unrecoverable Application Error UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UCL Universal Communications Language UCS Universal Character Set UDC User Defined Commands UDE Universal Data Exchange UDF User Defined Functions UDP User Datagram Protocol UFS Unix File System UG User Group UI Unix International + User Interface UID User Identifier UL Underwriters Laboratories + Upload ULA Uncommitted Logic Array ULN Universal Link Negotiation ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration UMB Upper Memory Block [LIM/AST] UNC Universal Naming Convention UNCOL Universal Computed Oriented Language UNICOM Universal Integrated Communication (System) UNICOS Universal Compiler FORTRAN compatible UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer UNIX (AT&T Bell Laboratories Operating System) UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture UPC Universal Product Code UPL User Program Language UPM Unix Programmer's Manual + User Profile Management [IBM] UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply + Uninterruptible Power System UREP Unix RSCS Emulation Protocol (protocol) US Unit Separator USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Reciever/Transmitter USERID User Identification USQ Unsqueezed (files) USR US Robotics (corporation) USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver/Transmitter USSA User Supported Software Association (United Kingdom) UT User Terminal UTC Coordinated Universal Time UTI Universal Text Interchange UTP Unshielded Twisted-Pair (cable) UU Uuencode/Uudecode UUCP Unix-To-Unix Copy Program UUI User-To-User Information [AT&T] UV Ultraviolet VA Virtual Address VAD Value Added Dealer VADD Value Added Disk Driver VAL Value + Voice Application Language .VAL Validity Checks (file name extension) [Paradox] VAM Virtual Access Method VAN Value Added Network VAP Value Added Processes VAR Value Added Reseller + Value Added Retailer + Variable VAX/VMS Virtual Address Extension/Virtual Memory System [DEC] VB Variable Block VBA Visual Basic for Applications [Microsoft] .VBX Visual Basic (file name extension) VCD Virtual Communications Driver VCPI Virtual Control Program Interface VCR Video Cassette Recorder VDD Virtual Device Driver VDDM Virtual Device Driver Manager VDE Video Display Editor VDISK Virtual Disk VDM Virtual DOS Machine [IBM] VDS Virtual DMA Services VDT Video Display Terminal VDU Video Display Unit + Visual Display Unit VEGA Video-7 Enhanced Graphics Adapter [Video-7, Inc.] VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory Manager VER Verify VERONICA Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Network Index to Computer Archives [Internet] VERR Verify Read Access VERW Verify Write Access VESA Video Electronics Standards Association VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display VGA Video Graphics Array VGC Video Graphics Controller VHS Very High Speed + Virtual Host Storage VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit VIM Vendor Independent Messaging (interface) VIO Video Input/Output + Virtual Input/Output VINES Virtual Network Operating System [Banyan] VIP Variable Information Processing VIPER Verifiable Integrated Processor for Enhanced Reliability VIS Video Information System [Tandy] + Voice Information System VL-BUS Vesa Local-Bus [VESA] VLF Very Low Frequency VLIW Very Long Instruction Word (machine) VLM Virtual Loadable Module VLSI Very Large Scale Integration VLSIPS Very Large Scale Immobilized Polymer Synthesis VLT Variable List Table VM Virtual Machine + Virtual Memory VMA Virtual Memory Address VMB Virtual Machine Boot VMM Virtual Memory Manager VMOS Vertical MOS VMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message System VMT Virtual Memory Technique VOL Volume VOM Volt Ohm Meter VOS Verbal Operating System VPD Virtual Printer Device VPDS Virtual Private Data Service [MCI] VR Virtual Reality + Voltage Regulator VRAM Video Random Access Memory VROOMM Virtual Real-time Object Oriented Memory Manager [Borlund] .VRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension) VRU Voice Response Unit VS Virtual Storage VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal VSE Virtual Storage Extended VSF Vertical Scanning Frequency VSLI Very Large Scale Integration VSM Virtual Shared Memory + Virtual Storage Management VSOS Virtual Storage Operating System VSYNC Vertical Sync VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method [IBM] VUI Video User Interface VUP VAX Unit of Performance VMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message System VWB Visual WorkBench [Microsoft] W/ With W3 (see WWW) WABI Windows Application Binary Interface [Sun] WAIS Wide Area Information Server/Service WAITS Wide Area Information Transfer System WAN Wide Area Network WATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service .WAV Waveform Audio (file name extension) WC Word Count WELL Whole Earth Lectronic Link (BBS) WFW Windows For Workgroups [Microsoft] WGS Work Group System WINForum Wireless Information Networks Forum WINWORD Word For Windows [Microsoft] WISE WordPerfect Information System Environment .WKB Workbook (file name extension) [WordPerfect] .WKE Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] .WKQ Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU] .WKS Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] .WKZ Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU] .WK1 Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] .WMF Windows Metafile (file name extension) [Microsoft] WNIC Wide-Area Network Interface Co-Processor WNIM Wide-Area Network Interface Module W/O Without WORM Write Once, Read Many WOSA Windows Open Services/Systems Architecture [Microsoft] WP WordPerfect + Word Processing + Write Protected .WPG Graphics (file name extension) [WordPerfect] WPHD Write-Protect Hard Disk .WPK Keyboard (file name extension) [WordPerfect] WPM Words Per Minute .WPM Macro (file name extension) [WordPerfect] WPS Windows Printing System [Microsoft] + Workplace Shell [OS2] .WQ1 Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU] .WQ! Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU] WS WordStar + Workstation WT Write Through WWW World-Wide Web [Internet] WYSBYGI What You See Before You Get It WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get XA Extended Architecture + Extended Attribute XAPIA X.400 Application Program Interface Association X2B Hexadecimal to Binary [REXX] X2C Hexadecimal to Character [REXX] XCHG Exchange XCMD External Command XCOPY Extended Copy X2D Hexadecimal to Decimal [REXX] XDR Extended/External Data Representation XFCN External Function XGA Extended Graphics Array [IBM] XID Exchange Identifier XIOS Extended Input/Output System XLAT Translate XLM Excel Macro Language [Microsoft] XMIT Transmit XMM Extended Memory Manager [LIM/AST] XMS Extended Memory Specification [LIM/AST] XNS Xerox Network System (protocol) [Xerox] XOFF Transmitter Off XON Transmitter On XOR Exclusive OR (Also EOR) XSMD Extended Storage Module Drive (interface) XTAL Crystal XTCLK External Transmit Clock YAM Yet Another Modem [Omen Technology] ZBR Zone Bit Recording Z-CAV Zoned Constant Angular Velocity ZDS Zenith Data Systems ZIF Zero-Insertion Force (socket) ZIP Zigzag In-Line Package + Zone Improvement Plan (ZIPcode) .ZIP Compressed File (file name extension) [PKWare] .ZOO Compressed File (file name extension) [Dhesi] ZSL Zero Slot LAN .$$$ Temporary File (file name extension) UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU UU UU BABEL: A GLOSSARY OF UU UU COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS UU UU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Version 94A UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Copyright (c) 1989-1994 Irving Kind All Rights Reserved c/o K & D, One Church Lane, Baltimore, MD 21208 Jan 1994 version = BABEL94A Jan 1995 version = BABEL95A May 1994 version = BABEL94B May 1995 version = BABEL95B Sep 1994 version = BABEL94C Sep 1995 version = BABEL95C APPENDIX A: Note 1: (To insure that you will receive the latest version) On receipt of your disk and disk mailer stamped with return postage, the following procedure is followed: If received during Jan, Feb or Mar; the Jan version will be sent to you promptly. If received during Apr, your disk will be held until the May version is issued. If received during May, Jun or Jul; the May version will be sent to you promptly. If received during Aug, your disk will be held until the Sep version is issued. If received during Sep, Oct or Nov; the Sep version will be sent to you promptly. If received during Dec, your disk will be held until the Jan version is issued. Note 2: Any of these disk sizes may be sent for updates: 5-1/4" DD or HD 3-1/2" DD or HD APPENDIX B: In electronic mail, some of the following "smiley faces" rather than words, are used to express the writer's feelings. Turn your head to the side to read them. :-) Smile :-D Laughing :) Smile :-} Grin :-] Smirk :-( Frown ;-) Wink :-X Close-mouthed 8-) Wide-eyed :-O Open-mouthed :-|) I wear a :-Q But I don't inhale moustache :-o Oh, no! Also used: Grin Wide Grin Very wide grin